Polishing and deburring wheel



ffffpb Aug. 30, 1960 N. H. STINGLEY 2,950,495

POLISHING AND DEBURRING WHEEL- Fled Feb. 28. 1955 "5 Aff .4

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r rap/ey- POLlHNG AND DEBURRING WHEEL Norman H. Stingley, Garden Grove,Calif., assigner to The Osborn Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, (Ehio,a corporation of Ohio Filed Feb. 23, 1955, Ser. No. 491,057

S Claims. (Cl. 11S-179) Plhe present invention relates to new improvedpolishing and deburring wheels.

For cleaning castings and various like objects it has been establishedpractice in many industrial organizations to remove unwanted materialfrom these castings through the use of rotary brushes. Usually thesebrushes take the form of a wheel on the periphery of which are attacheda large number ot radially extending wire bristles. For many purposessuch wheels are satisfactory. However, they are subject to severaldistinct disadvantages. Occasionally, one or `more of the wire bristleswill become broken due to use and will fly off of the wheel as itrotates. Also, such brushes are disadvantageous inasmuch as they areessentially incapable of providing a polished surface upon metalmembers.

It has previously been suggested that wire deburring wheels of the classindicated in the preceding paragraph could be manufactured by embeddingthe bristles in various solid condensation polymers. Unfortunately, suchstructures are not considered to be advantageous for many purposesinasmuch as the solid nature of the polymers prevent these polymers frombending or exing during the operation of the wheel. This is verydisadvantageous when such deburring wheels are used on exceedinglyirregular surfaces. Further, with such prior art wheels employing asolid resinous material to hold the individual wires, the resinousmaterial does not in and of itself aid in the operation of the rotarybrushes. In these prior constructions the polymers employed are merelydesigned so that they are broken away from the grinding wheel during theoperation thereof without interfering with the operation or theeffectiveness of the bristles employed.

lt is a broad object of this invention to provide new and improvedcircular polishing and deburring wheels which constitute an improvementover various prior constructions such are briey indicated in thepreceding discussion. A related object of this invention is to providewheels of the class described which are very efiicient for bothdeburring and polishing irregular surfaces, which are comparatively easyto manufacture, and which are satisfactory in operation. Another objectof this invention is to provide a method lfor producing such combinedpolishing and deburring wheels. Further objects of the invention andmany advantages of it will be apparent in the remainder of thisspecification including the appended claims and the accompanyingdrawings in which:

Fig. l is a side view of a polishing and deburring wheel of thisinvention;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 2--2 of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a side view illustrating a step in the formation of apolishing and deburring wheel as herein described; and

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another step in theformation of polishing and deburring wheels of the invention.

In all figures of the drawings like numbers have been Patented Aug. 30,1960 used to designate like parts wherever convenient for purpose ofillustration and explanation. Further, it is to be understood that theinvention is not to be limited to polishing and deburring wheels inwhich the parts are of the proportional sizes shown in the drawingsinasmuch as the sizes of certain of these parts have been altered forconvenience of explanation and illustration.

The present invention is, of course, fully summarized or dei-ined by theappended claims forming a part of this disclosure. 'Ihe invention isconcerned with a wheel of the class described which comprises a centralhub: a plurality of bristles attached to said hub so as to projectradially outward therefrom, said bristles being capable of exercising adeburring action when said wheel is employed for the purpose intended;and a flexible elastomeric material positioned around said bristles soas to hold these bristles with respect to one another, said resinousmaterial being capable of exerting a polishing action when said wheel isemployed for the purpose intended. Another aspect of the invention is amethod which comprises forming a wheel having a central hub with aplurality of bristles projecting radially therefrom; attaching theperiphery of said bristles to one another so as to hold said bristles ina relatively ixed location; placing uncured disks of elastomericmaterial on both sides of said bristles; and curing said elastomericmaterial in a mold whereby said elastomeric material is caused to flowbetween said bristles to position said bristles with respect to oneanother.

in Fig. l of the drawings there is shown a combined polishing anddeburring wheel l@ of the invention which comprises a central hub l2having a center opening 14 formed therein, this opening being designedto be engaged by an appropriate arbor during the operation of thiswheel. The precise structure of the central lhub 12 is best shown inFig. 4 of the drawings, where this hub is illustrated as being composedof two bilaterally symmetrical disks le each of which has a iiat centersection 18 and an offset periphery 2t). The two center sections 18 areattached to one another by appropriate means such as, for example,welding. Between the two peripheries 20 the inner ends of bristles 22are secured through conventional means such as, for example, welding. Ifdesired, a plurality of lugs may be formed upon or secured to theperipheries 2b and the bristles 22 may take the form of wires bentaround such lugs.

The bristles 22 of the invention are preferably formed of relativelystili material capable of exercising a very definite cutting or abradingaction so that the wheel 10 is very emcient in deburng metal castingsand the like. Exceedingly suitable wheels in accordance with thisinvention have been manufactured employing Wire bristles. Othermaterials such as glass libres, may however be employed with the instantinvention.

In accordance with the teachings of this disclosure the bristles 22 aresecured together by a disk-like mass 24 of an elastomeric material. Theproperties of this elastomeric material are very important with respectto the functioning or wheels constructed as herein described.Particularly suitable wheels have been formed using chloroprene polymersand copolymers of chloroprene with such vinyl compositions as isopreneand styrene. Various other elastomers such as are sold under the tradename Hycar (butadienestyrene polymers and butadiene-acrylonitrilepolymers), and are manufactured by Goodrich Chemical Corporation ofCleveland, Ohio can also be employed with this invention. All of theelastomeric materials capable of being employed with this invention arecomparatively llexible, and do not excessively smear the work or emithighly offensive odors under the normal operating conditions encounteredduring use of polishing and deburring wheels as herein described.Further these elastomeric resins are* substantially incapable of meltingat the temperatures encountered during the use of such wheels of theinvention.

All of these elastomericmaterials are of less strength than thevbristles 272 previously described so that during thef operation of thewheels of the invention the elastomeric material tends .to be broken'olf a short distance below the outer ends of these bristles leaving asmall length, usually on the order of a 1/15 to l; of an inch, exposedfor use in 4deburring. In order to increase the insulation value ofthese elastomeric materials and in order thatthese elastomeric materialsmay be of such character that they are readily broken away from theYextreme end of Vportions of the bristles it is preferred that they bemanufactured so as to contain a plurality of smallgas pockets such aspockets 26 illustrated in the Fig. ,2 of the drawings. The cellularstructure of such elastomeric material which is thus substantiallyuniformly intruded and interposed between the brush bristle wires orlaments facilitates limited controlled movement of such laments relativeto each other when engaging the work and also enhances erosion of theelastomeric material in the region of the working face of the tool.Furthermore, such cellular structure reduces the specific gravity-of'the elastomeric composition, thereby reducing the Weight ofthe tool aswell as rendering it more resiliently responsive.

The formation of polishing and deburring wheels such Vas wheel isrelatively simple. First, a basic wheel 28 consisting of the central hub12 and bristles 22 projecting radially from this hub is manufactured inaccordance with conventional procedures. Next, a strip of uncuredelastomer capable of being used with the invention is placed about theouter periphery of such a basic wheel and the bristles are mechanicallyforced into this strip of elastomer so that relative positions of allthe bristles will be maintained throughout subsequent treatment. Thisstep utiutilizing the basic wheel 28 and a strip 30 is illustrated inFig. 3 of the drawings.

After the strip 30 has been placed in position, disks 32 of uncuredsheets of elastomer are placed in position on both sides of the wheel 28and this wheel is placed in a suitable mold 34 of a type known to theprior art where it is subjected to heat tending to intrude and cure' theelastomeric material. After the curing has been completed the completewheel 10 is removed from the mold 34.

The uncured strips or sheets employed in these two 'steps are formed byrollers in accordance with conventional procedures well known to therubber industry. They usually contain comparatively small amounts ofcuring agents, activators, accelerators, anti-oxidants, plasticizers,reinforcing agents, coloring agents, and blowing agents, such as arecommonly employed in the rubber industry. All of these agents functioneither in curing, or in the final product produced in the expectedmanner. Thus, for example, the blower agents serve to produce the gaspockets 26 previously mentioned, andthe coloring agent employed tends tocolor the cured elastomer.

Frequently, with the invention it is advisable to treat the bristles 22employed prior to the application of elastomeric resin with acomposition which serves to aid in bonding the elastomer utilized tothese bristles in order that in the event the bristles should tend tobreak either during use or during the manufacture of the wheel 10, vthesegments of the bristles resulting from such breakage will be securelyheld so that they cannot y oft' of the wheel 10. Suitable compositionsfor this purpose are well known to the art. With metal fibres, virtuallyany resinous bonding agent known to bond well to metal and toelastomeric polymers as herein described can be employed. Included insuch agents are compositions based upon epoxy resins and/or phenolicderivatives. When the bristles employed with the invention are composedof glass fibres any of the various agents used 4 with glass fibres inthe formation of re-enforced articles containing glass fibres andpolyester-styrene or like resins can be employed. f

Very satisfactory results in producing wheels of the instant inventionhave been achieved by treating wire bristles attached to a hub withTyply-S (a black viscous rubber cement marketed as a bonding agent forvulcanizing synthetic elastomers to meta-l) produced by MarbonCorporation ofv Gary, Indiana by dipping these bristles in thiscomposition and heating them at a temperature of F. for a period of 30minutes.

Next in forming a wheel of the invention an uncured strip containing:

Parts by weight Neoprene' GN-A (polymerized chloroprene prothe Shell OilCo. of Emeryville, California) 35.0 Stearic acid 1.0 Zinc oxide 5.0 Rediron oxide 1.0

Celogen ammonium carbonate (a blowing agent sold by the Naugatuc'kChemical Division of U.S. Rubber Co., Naugatuck, Conn.) 3.0

approximately 5/16" thick and one inch wide was pushed onto the outerend portions of the bristles treated as above in the manner indicated inFig. 3 of the drawings. Then two disks of the same composition andthickness were placed on both sides of `these bristles and the entireassembly was placed within a mold approximately one inch thick at theouter end Yhaving the approximate shape indicated in Fig. 4 of thedrawings and heated for a period of 30 minutes at 285 F. As a result ofthis operation a complete wheel such as the wheel 10 is produced inwhich all of the individual wire bristles were securely bonded to oneanother throughout by cured neoprene containing uniformly dispersed gaspockets. This structure is very ecient When used for the purposeindicated.

Y Those skilled in the art will realize what a large number ofmodifications can be made in this invention without departing from theessential basic character of this invention. All such modiiications areconsidered as part of the inventive concept insofar as they are definedwith the appended claims.

I claim:

l. A combined polishing and deburring wheel which comprises: a hubhaving a central opening formed therein; a plurality of wire bristlesattached to said central hub so as to project radially therefrom; amaterial capable of bonding well to metal and to a exible elastomericrial interposed between said bristles adjacent the workingv face of thetool and resiliently spacing the Vbristles apart; wherein saidelastomeric material is a resiliently deformable cellular composition.

4. The brushing tool of claim 3, wherein said elastomeric material is acellular polymerized chloroprene base composition.

5. The brushing tool of claim 3, wherein said elastomeric material isbonded to said bristle material.

6. The brushing tool of claim 3, wherein said bristles are of wire, andsaid elastomeric material is cellular polymerized chloroprene basecomposition bonded thereto.

7. A brushing tool having a large number of abrading lilaments and acellular elastomeric material substantially uniformly intruded andinterposed between said tilaments substantially the entire length of thelatter, the outer ends of said filaments projecting only very slightlybeyond the body of cellular elastomeric material, said spongeelastomeric material being relatively susceptible to erosion at theWorking face of the tool to maintain substantially the same extent ofprojection of said laments throughout the working life of the tool.

8. A circular brushing tool in accordance with claim 7, adapted to bemounted for high speed rotation, the voids References Cited in the ileof this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 367,591 Bringold Aug. 2, 1887587,048 Topp July 27, 1897 2,172,433 Churchill Sept. 12, 1939 2,232,389Jurkat Feb. 18, 1941 2,303,759 Pippin Dec. l, 1942 2,406,732 HardmanAug. 27, 1946 2,443,430 Nigro June 15, 1948 2,621,369 Gantz et al Dec.16, 51952 2,648,084 Swart Aug. 11, 1953 2,739,332 Flohr Mar. 27, 19562.826.776 Peterson Mar. 18, 1958

